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Surface cleaning
Shot blasting equipment was first applied in the foundry industry for the removal of sand adhesion and oxide scale on the surfaces of steel and iron castings.
Almost all steel castings, gray castings, malleable iron castings, ductile iron castings, etc. require shot blasting. This is not only to remove the oxide scale and sand adhesion on the surface of the castings, but also an indispensable preparatory process before casting quality inspection. For example, before non-destructive testing of large gas turbine casings, strict shot blasting and cleaning must be carried out to ensure the reliability of the testing results. In general casting production, shot blasting and cleaning are essential process methods for discovering surface defects such as subsurface pores, slag pores, sand adhesion, cold shut, and peeling. For non-ferrous metal castings, such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys, the surface cleaning not only removes oxide scale and detects surface defects of the castings, but also aims to use shot blasting to remove burrs from die-castings and achieve decorative surface quality, achieving a comprehensive effect. In metallurgical steel production, shot blasting or pickling is a process method used to mechanically or chemically remove oxide scale, ensuring high productivity in large-scale steel production. In the production of silicon steel sheets, stainless steel sheets, and other alloy steel plates and strips, shot blasting or pickling must be carried out after annealing during the cold rolling process to ensure the surface roughness and thickness accuracy of the cold-rolled steel sheets.
According to modern metal strength theory, increasing the dislocation density within metals is the main direction for enhancing metal strength. Practice has proven that shot blasting is an effective process method for increasing the dislocation structure of metals. This is of great significance for workpieces that require further strengthening beyond phase transformation hardening (such as martensitic quenching) or on the basis of achieving phase transformation hardening, which some metals cannot achieve through these methods. In the aviation, aerospace industry, automobiles, tractors, and other fields, lightweight components are required, but the reliability requirements are becoming increasingly high. An important process measure is to adopt shot blasting to improve the strength and fatigue strength of components.
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